A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a specialist to examine the entire length of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end. It provides a clear view of the bowel lining and helps identify any inflammation, bleeding, polyps, or other abnormalities. The procedure also allows for biopsies and polyp removal if needed.
Colonoscopy is recommended for a variety of reasons, including investigating symptoms such as persistent changes in bowel habits, unexplained abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss. It is also used for screening and surveillance for conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease, helping detect problems early for effective treatment.
During the colonoscopy, you will usually lie on your side while the specialist carefully advances the flexible scope through the entire colon. Air or carbon dioxide is gently introduced to expand the bowel for better visibility, which may cause mild bloating or cramping. Sedation is often given to help you relax and stay comfortable. The procedure typically takes around 30–45 minutes.
After the procedure, you’ll be monitored until the sedation wears off. You may experience temporary bloating or mild discomfort, which usually settles quickly. Because of the sedation, you’ll need someone to accompany you home and avoid driving or operating machinery for 24 hours. Your results and any next steps will be explained, and follow-up care will be arranged if required.

Dr Lalit Kumar is a highly experienced General and Colorectal Surgeon based in the UK, specialising in the management of hernias, skin lesions, and complex colorectal conditions. With extensive clinical expertise and a patient-centred approach, Dr Kumar is dedicated to delivering high-quality surgical care, clear communication, and compassionate support throughout each patient’s treatment journey.
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